From 4214f86da3c623f6553eae56a53d77619c0bd419 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 07akioni <07akioni2@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 13:40:11 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] fix(desktop): show DevTools toggle in application menus

---
 apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml                  |  4 ++--
 apps/desktop/README.md                         |  2 +-
 apps/desktop/README.zh.md                      |  2 +-
 apps/desktop/src/main.ts                       | 13 +++++++------
 apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json | 10 ++++++++++
 apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts        | 18 ++++++++----------
 6 files changed, 29 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json

diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml b/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
index 1c55529b1c..19b112d945 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
   en: 127ea90553cb6af7
   zh: 7b1c5aec8558c684
 /deepseek-harness-desktop/application-overview:
-  en: b57525e17b9638ab
-  zh: 274fe8344f7c2202
+  en: 080abb0f4bff64bc
+  zh: acce70f703b73f1d
 /deepseek-harness-desktop/terminal-command:
   en: 5f2d25a1d8472647
   zh: 2acb5c5d7d1917e2
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.md b/apps/desktop/README.md
index 89755436cb..41055418ee 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ A server-expired account credential returns to Welcome when no official API key
 
 Desktop microphone access is restricted to audio requests from the primary `dsh-app://app` frame. macOS uses system microphone authorization, a packaged usage description, and `com.apple.security.device.audio-input` in the main application and Helper signatures.
 
-Press F12 (Fn+F12 on media-key keyboards), Command+Option+I on macOS, or Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows to toggle DevTools for the focused application page, including in packaged builds. These native shortcuts use hidden application-menu items. Update overlays and packaged embedded browser guests disable DevTools.
+Press F12 (Fn+F12 on media-key keyboards), Command+Option+I on macOS, or Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows to toggle DevTools for the focused application page, including in packaged builds. The application menu also shows a DevTools toggle; F12 remains available as a hidden shortcut alias. Update overlays and packaged embedded browser guests disable DevTools.
 
 <a id="terminal-command"></a>
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.zh.md b/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
index 3df2783476..2b9c354579 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Desktop Host 的 Platform API 请求与更新策略请求用相同的 Platform 
 
 桌面麦克风访问仅允许主 `dsh-app://app` 页面发起的音频请求。macOS 使用系统麦克风授权、随包用途说明，以及主应用与 Helper 签名中的 `com.apple.security.device.audio-input` 权限。
 
-按 F12（多媒体功能键键盘上为 Fn+F12）、macOS 的 Command+Option+I 或 Windows 的 Ctrl+Shift+I，可切换当前获得焦点的应用页面的 DevTools，打包版本同样支持。这些原生快捷键通过隐藏的应用菜单项注册。更新遮罩和打包版本的内嵌浏览器禁用 DevTools。
+按 F12（多媒体功能键键盘上为 Fn+F12）、macOS 的 Command+Option+I 或 Windows 的 Ctrl+Shift+I，可切换当前获得焦点的应用页面的 DevTools，打包版本同样支持。应用菜单也显示 DevTools 开关；F12 仍作为隐藏的快捷键别名保留。更新遮罩和打包版本的内嵌浏览器禁用 DevTools。
 
 <a id="terminal-command"></a>
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
index 674221b671..ad141e8ce9 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
@@ -1075,14 +1075,15 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
       : process.platform === 'win32' ? { label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.exitApplication } : {}) },
   ]
   const devToolsItems: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = [
-    { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false },
+    { role: 'toggleDevTools' },
     { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
   ]
   const refreshApplicationMenu = (): void => {
-    Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(process.platform === 'win32' ? devToolsItems : [{
-      label: darwin ? app.name : currentDesktopLocale().messages.application,
-      submenu: [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems],
-    }, ...platformMenus()]))
+    Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(process.platform === 'win32'
+      ? devToolsItems.map(item => ({ ...item, visible: false })) : [{
+        label: darwin ? app.name : currentDesktopLocale().messages.application,
+        submenu: [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems],
+      }, ...platformMenus()]))
     tray?.relabel()
   }
   refreshApplicationMenu()
@@ -1128,7 +1129,7 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
           shortcuts.sendEditingKey(keyCode, modifiers)
         },
       })
-      const items: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = name === 'application' ? applicationItems() : [
+      const items: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = name === 'application' ? [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems] : [
         editItem(currentDesktopLocale().messages.undo, 'Z', ['control'], 'Ctrl+Z'),
         editItem(currentDesktopLocale().messages.redo, 'Y', ['control'], 'Ctrl+Y'),
         { type: 'separator' },
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d83b18e2a7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+[
+  {
+    "role": "toggleDevTools"
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "toggleDevTools",
+    "visible": false,
+    "accelerator": "F12"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
index 0cb7aa3e96..3438c58e73 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
@@ -550,13 +550,11 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
     expect((await handler(new Request('dsh-app://unknown/update-dialog.html'))).status).toBe(404)
   })
 
-  it('installs hidden native DevTools shortcuts in the macOS application menu', async () => {
-    vi.stubGlobal('process', { ...process, platform: 'darwin' })
+  it.each(['darwin', 'win32', 'linux'] as const)('shows one DevTools command and retains native shortcuts on %s', async (platform) => {
+    vi.stubGlobal('process', { ...process, platform })
     await readyForUpdate()
-    expect(applicationMenuItems().slice(-2)).toEqual([
-      { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false },
-      { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
-    ])
+    await expect(JSON.stringify(applicationMenuItems().slice(-2), null, 2) + '\n')
+      .toMatchFileSnapshot('./expected/devtools-menu.json')
     expect(harness.windows[0]!.options).toMatchObject({ webPreferences: { devTools: true } })
   })
 
@@ -1030,8 +1028,8 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
     expect(() => handler(event, 'arbitrary-command', 48, 34)).toThrow('invalid popup request')
     expect(() => handler(event, 'application', NaN, 34)).toThrow('invalid popup request')
     const application = handler(event, 'application', 48, 34)
-    expect(harness.menu.buildFromTemplate.mock.lastCall![0].map(item => item.label ?? item.type)).toEqual([
-      '关于 DeepSeek Harness', 'separator', '检查更新…', '管理 dsh 命令…', 'separator', '退出',
+    expect(harness.menu.buildFromTemplate.mock.lastCall![0].map(item => item.label ?? item.type ?? item.role)).toEqual([
+      '关于 DeepSeek Harness', 'separator', '检查更新…', '管理 dsh 命令…', 'separator', '退出', 'toggleDevTools', 'toggleDevTools',
     ])
     expect(harness.popup.mock.lastCall![0]).toMatchObject({ window, x: 48, y: 34 })
     expect(harness.popup.mock.lastCall![0].callback).toBeTypeOf('function')
@@ -1068,8 +1066,8 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
       : ['Application', 'editMenu'])
     const application = template[0]!.submenu as MenuItemConstructorOptions[]
     expect(application.filter(item => item.visible !== false).map(describeItem)).toEqual(platform === 'darwin'
-      ? ['about', 'separator', en.checkUpdatesMenu, en.cliCommandMenu, 'separator', 'hide', 'hideOthers', 'unhide', 'separator', 'quit']
-      : ['about', 'separator', en.checkUpdatesMenu, 'separator', 'quit'])
+      ? ['about', 'separator', en.checkUpdatesMenu, en.cliCommandMenu, 'separator', 'hide', 'hideOthers', 'unhide', 'separator', 'quit', 'toggleDevTools']
+      : ['about', 'separator', en.checkUpdatesMenu, 'separator', 'quit', 'toggleDevTools'])
     expect(harness.menu.setApplicationMenu).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
   })
 

From b5be2c03391823389dea41ccea27cc984acecbc2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 07akioni <07akioni2@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 14:03:00 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] fix(desktop): localize DevTools menu labels

---
 apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml                 |  4 ++--
 apps/desktop/README.md                        |  2 +-
 apps/desktop/README.zh.md                     |  2 +-
 apps/desktop/src/locale.ts                    |  8 +++++++
 apps/desktop/src/main.ts                      | 12 +++++-----
 .../tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json      | 12 ++++++++++
 .../tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json   | 12 ++++++++++
 .../desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json | 10 --------
 apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts       | 23 +++++++++++++++----
 9 files changed, 60 insertions(+), 25 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json
 create mode 100644 apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json
 delete mode 100644 apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json

diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml b/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
index 19b112d945..43dbdfd13a 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
   en: 127ea90553cb6af7
   zh: 7b1c5aec8558c684
 /deepseek-harness-desktop/application-overview:
-  en: 080abb0f4bff64bc
-  zh: acce70f703b73f1d
+  en: 4f92dcaf5d306d39
+  zh: b08f13aec0fae481
 /deepseek-harness-desktop/terminal-command:
   en: 5f2d25a1d8472647
   zh: 2acb5c5d7d1917e2
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.md b/apps/desktop/README.md
index 41055418ee..a67e5766cc 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ A server-expired account credential returns to Welcome when no official API key
 
 Desktop microphone access is restricted to audio requests from the primary `dsh-app://app` frame. macOS uses system microphone authorization, a packaged usage description, and `com.apple.security.device.audio-input` in the main application and Helper signatures.
 
-Press F12 (Fn+F12 on media-key keyboards), Command+Option+I on macOS, or Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows to toggle DevTools for the focused application page, including in packaged builds. The application menu also shows a DevTools toggle; F12 remains available as a hidden shortcut alias. Update overlays and packaged embedded browser guests disable DevTools.
+Press F12 (Fn+F12 on media-key keyboards), Command+Option+I on macOS, or Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows to toggle DevTools for the focused application page, including in packaged builds. The application menu also shows a DevTools toggle in the selected Desktop language; F12 remains available as a hidden shortcut alias. Update overlays and packaged embedded browser guests disable DevTools.
 
 <a id="terminal-command"></a>
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.zh.md b/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
index 2b9c354579..19b30f4de1 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Desktop Host 的 Platform API 请求与更新策略请求用相同的 Platform 
 
 桌面麦克风访问仅允许主 `dsh-app://app` 页面发起的音频请求。macOS 使用系统麦克风授权、随包用途说明，以及主应用与 Helper 签名中的 `com.apple.security.device.audio-input` 权限。
 
-按 F12（多媒体功能键键盘上为 Fn+F12）、macOS 的 Command+Option+I 或 Windows 的 Ctrl+Shift+I，可切换当前获得焦点的应用页面的 DevTools，打包版本同样支持。应用菜单也显示 DevTools 开关；F12 仍作为隐藏的快捷键别名保留。更新遮罩和打包版本的内嵌浏览器禁用 DevTools。
+按 F12（多媒体功能键键盘上为 Fn+F12）、macOS 的 Command+Option+I 或 Windows 的 Ctrl+Shift+I，可切换当前获得焦点的应用页面的 DevTools，打包版本同样支持。应用菜单也以当前桌面端语言显示 DevTools 开关；F12 仍作为隐藏的快捷键别名保留。更新遮罩和打包版本的内嵌浏览器禁用 DevTools。
 
 <a id="terminal-command"></a>
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/locale.ts b/apps/desktop/src/locale.ts
index 74a1f19941..09f4002894 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/locale.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/locale.ts
@@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ export const en = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'Could not open the workspace. Please try again.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Check for Updates…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Reload Page',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Toggle developer tools',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Restart App and Host',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Update Check Failed',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Could not check for updates. Please try again later.',
@@ -283,6 +284,7 @@ export const zh = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: '无法打开工作区，请重试。',
   checkUpdatesMenu: '检查更新…',
   reloadPageMenu: '刷新页面',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: '切换开发者工具',
   restartAppHostMenu: '重启应用与 Host',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: '更新检查失败',
   updateCheckFailed: '检查更新失败，请稍后重试。',
@@ -460,6 +462,7 @@ export const ja = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'ワークスペースを開けませんでした。もう一度お試しください。',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'アップデートを確認…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'ページを再読み込み',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: '開発者ツールを切り替え',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'アプリとホストを再起動',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'アップデートの確認に失敗しました',
   updateCheckFailed: 'アップデートを確認できませんでした。後でもう一度お試しください。',
@@ -637,6 +640,7 @@ export const es = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'No se pudo abrir el espacio de trabajo. Por favor inténtalo de nuevo.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Buscar actualizaciones...',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Recargar página',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Alternar herramientas de desarrollo',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Reiniciar la aplicación y el host',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Error en la comprobación de actualización',
   updateCheckFailed: 'No se pudo buscar actualizaciones. Inténtelo de nuevo más tarde.',
@@ -814,6 +818,7 @@ export const fr = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: "Impossible d'ouvrir l'espace de travail. Veuillez réessayer.",
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Vérifiez les mises à jour…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Recharger la page',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Afficher/masquer les outils de développement',
   restartAppHostMenu: "Redémarrez l'application et l'hôte",
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Échec de la vérification de la mise à jour',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Impossible de vérifier les mises à jour. Veuillez réessayer plus tard.',
@@ -991,6 +996,7 @@ export const de = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'Der Arbeitsbereich konnte nicht geöffnet werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Nach Updates suchen…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Seite neu laden',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Entwicklertools ein-/ausblenden',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Anwendung und Host neu starten',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Update-Überprüfung fehlgeschlagen',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Es konnte nicht nach Updates gesucht werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es später noch einmal.',
@@ -1168,6 +1174,7 @@ export const ru = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'Не удалось открыть рабочую область. Пожалуйста, попробуйте еще раз.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Проверить наличие обновлений…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Обновить страницу',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Показать/скрыть инструменты разработчика',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Перезапустите приложение и хост.',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Проверка обновления не удалась',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Не удалось проверить наличие обновлений. Пожалуйста, повторите попытку позже.',
@@ -1345,6 +1352,7 @@ export const pt = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'Não foi possível abrir o espaço de trabalho. Por favor, tente novamente.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Verifique se há atualizações…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Recarregar página',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Alternar ferramentas de desenvolvedor',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Reinicie o aplicativo e o host',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Falha na verificação de atualização',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Não foi possível verificar se há atualizações. Por favor, tente novamente mais tarde.',
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
index ad141e8ce9..c85f48c13d 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
@@ -1074,15 +1074,15 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
     { role: 'quit', ...(darwin ? { label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.quitApplication }
       : process.platform === 'win32' ? { label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.exitApplication } : {}) },
   ]
-  const devToolsItems: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = [
-    { role: 'toggleDevTools' },
-    { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
+  const devToolsItems = (): MenuItemConstructorOptions[] => [
+    { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.toggleDevToolsMenu },
+    { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.toggleDevToolsMenu, visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
   ]
   const refreshApplicationMenu = (): void => {
     Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(process.platform === 'win32'
-      ? devToolsItems.map(item => ({ ...item, visible: false })) : [{
+      ? devToolsItems().map(item => ({ ...item, visible: false })) : [{
         label: darwin ? app.name : currentDesktopLocale().messages.application,
-        submenu: [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems],
+        submenu: [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems()],
       }, ...platformMenus()]))
     tray?.relabel()
   }
@@ -1129,7 +1129,7 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
           shortcuts.sendEditingKey(keyCode, modifiers)
         },
       })
-      const items: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = name === 'application' ? [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems] : [
+      const items: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = name === 'application' ? [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems()] : [
         editItem(currentDesktopLocale().messages.undo, 'Z', ['control'], 'Ctrl+Z'),
         editItem(currentDesktopLocale().messages.redo, 'Y', ['control'], 'Ctrl+Y'),
         { type: 'separator' },
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..520e6f6c7f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[
+  {
+    "role": "toggleDevTools",
+    "label": "Toggle developer tools"
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "toggleDevTools",
+    "label": "Toggle developer tools",
+    "visible": false,
+    "accelerator": "F12"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..189c1a1652
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[
+  {
+    "role": "toggleDevTools",
+    "label": "切换开发者工具"
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "toggleDevTools",
+    "label": "切换开发者工具",
+    "visible": false,
+    "accelerator": "F12"
+  }
+]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json
deleted file mode 100644
index d83b18e2a7..0000000000
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-[
-  {
-    "role": "toggleDevTools"
-  },
-  {
-    "role": "toggleDevTools",
-    "visible": false,
-    "accelerator": "F12"
-  }
-]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
index 3438c58e73..31d2632378 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
@@ -550,11 +550,24 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
     expect((await handler(new Request('dsh-app://unknown/update-dialog.html'))).status).toBe(404)
   })
 
-  it.each(['darwin', 'win32', 'linux'] as const)('shows one DevTools command and retains native shortcuts on %s', async (platform) => {
+  it.each([
+    ['darwin', 'en'], ['darwin', 'zh-CN'], ['win32', 'en'], ['win32', 'zh-CN'], ['linux', 'en'], ['linux', 'zh-CN'],
+  ] as const)('localizes one DevTools command and retains native shortcuts on %s (%s)', async (platform, locale) => {
     vi.stubGlobal('process', { ...process, platform })
+    vi.spyOn(harness.app, 'getPreferredSystemLanguages').mockReturnValue([locale])
     await readyForUpdate()
     await expect(JSON.stringify(applicationMenuItems().slice(-2), null, 2) + '\n')
-      .toMatchFileSnapshot('./expected/devtools-menu.json')
+      .toMatchFileSnapshot(`./expected/devtools-menu-${locale}.json`)
+    const sender = harness.windows[0]!.webContents
+    const nextLocale = locale === 'en' ? 'zh' : 'en'
+    harness.ipcOn.mock.calls.find(([channel]) => channel === DESKTOP_IPC.localeChanged)![1](
+      { sender, senderFrame: sender.mainFrame }, nextLocale,
+    )
+    const refreshed = platform === 'win32' ? applicationMenuItems()
+      : harness.menu.mock.lastCall![0][0]!.submenu as MenuItemConstructorOptions[]
+    expect(refreshed.filter(item => item.role === 'toggleDevTools').map(item => item.label))
+      .toEqual([nextLocale === 'en' ? en.toggleDevToolsMenu : zh.toggleDevToolsMenu,
+        nextLocale === 'en' ? en.toggleDevToolsMenu : zh.toggleDevToolsMenu])
     expect(harness.windows[0]!.options).toMatchObject({ webPreferences: { devTools: true } })
   })
 
@@ -863,8 +876,8 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
       expect(window.options).toMatchObject({ titleBarStyle: 'hidden', titleBarOverlay: { height: WINDOWS_TITLEBAR_HEIGHT } })
       expect(window.options).not.toHaveProperty('vibrancy')
       expect(harness.menu.mock.calls[0]![0]).toEqual([
-        { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false },
-        { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
+        { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: en.toggleDevToolsMenu, visible: false },
+        { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: en.toggleDevToolsMenu, visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
       ])
     } else {
       expect(window.options).not.toHaveProperty('titleBarStyle')
@@ -1029,7 +1042,7 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
     expect(() => handler(event, 'application', NaN, 34)).toThrow('invalid popup request')
     const application = handler(event, 'application', 48, 34)
     expect(harness.menu.buildFromTemplate.mock.lastCall![0].map(item => item.label ?? item.type ?? item.role)).toEqual([
-      '关于 DeepSeek Harness', 'separator', '检查更新…', '管理 dsh 命令…', 'separator', '退出', 'toggleDevTools', 'toggleDevTools',
+      '关于 DeepSeek Harness', 'separator', '检查更新…', '管理 dsh 命令…', 'separator', '退出', zh.toggleDevToolsMenu, zh.toggleDevToolsMenu,
     ])
     expect(harness.popup.mock.lastCall![0]).toMatchObject({ window, x: 48, y: 34 })
     expect(harness.popup.mock.lastCall![0].callback).toBeTypeOf('function')

From b83f38a44bea252387446367c69fb00214e75fa2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 07akioni <07akioni2@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 14:10:47 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] fix(desktop): group DevTools before quit and isolate
 shortcuts

---
 apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml                 |  4 +-
 apps/desktop/README.md                        |  2 +-
 apps/desktop/README.zh.md                     |  2 +-
 apps/desktop/src/main.ts                      | 16 +++---
 .../expected/application-menu-en-US.json      | 20 +++++++
 .../expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json      | 20 +++++++
 .../tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json      | 12 ----
 .../tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json   | 12 ----
 apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts       | 57 +++++++++++++------
 9 files changed, 93 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json
 delete mode 100644 apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json

diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml b/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
index 43dbdfd13a..ebba241bcf 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
   en: 127ea90553cb6af7
   zh: 7b1c5aec8558c684
 /deepseek-harness-desktop/application-overview:
-  en: 4f92dcaf5d306d39
-  zh: b08f13aec0fae481
+  en: 0538b12e3cfd357e
+  zh: 48d35ed422cfdb5c
 /deepseek-harness-desktop/terminal-command:
   en: 5f2d25a1d8472647
   zh: 2acb5c5d7d1917e2
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.md b/apps/desktop/README.md
index a67e5766cc..de5b09d192 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ A server-expired account credential returns to Welcome when no official API key
 
 Desktop microphone access is restricted to audio requests from the primary `dsh-app://app` frame. macOS uses system microphone authorization, a packaged usage description, and `com.apple.security.device.audio-input` in the main application and Helper signatures.
 
-Press F12 (Fn+F12 on media-key keyboards), Command+Option+I on macOS, or Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows to toggle DevTools for the focused application page, including in packaged builds. The application menu also shows a DevTools toggle in the selected Desktop language; F12 remains available as a hidden shortcut alias. Update overlays and packaged embedded browser guests disable DevTools.
+Press F12 (Fn+F12 on media-key keyboards), Command+Option+I on macOS, or Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows to toggle DevTools for the focused application page, including in packaged builds. The application menu shows a localized DevTools toggle in a separate group before Hide and Quit (before Exit on Windows). Windows exposes it in the titlebar application popup; its hidden native application menu registers the shortcuts. macOS and Linux keep a hidden F12 shortcut alias in their application menus. Update overlays and packaged embedded browser guests disable DevTools.
 
 <a id="terminal-command"></a>
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.zh.md b/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
index 19b30f4de1..551c43aa6c 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Desktop Host 的 Platform API 请求与更新策略请求用相同的 Platform 
 
 桌面麦克风访问仅允许主 `dsh-app://app` 页面发起的音频请求。macOS 使用系统麦克风授权、随包用途说明，以及主应用与 Helper 签名中的 `com.apple.security.device.audio-input` 权限。
 
-按 F12（多媒体功能键键盘上为 Fn+F12）、macOS 的 Command+Option+I 或 Windows 的 Ctrl+Shift+I，可切换当前获得焦点的应用页面的 DevTools，打包版本同样支持。应用菜单也以当前桌面端语言显示 DevTools 开关；F12 仍作为隐藏的快捷键别名保留。更新遮罩和打包版本的内嵌浏览器禁用 DevTools。
+按 F12（多媒体功能键键盘上为 Fn+F12）、macOS 的 Command+Option+I 或 Windows 的 Ctrl+Shift+I，可切换当前获得焦点的应用页面的 DevTools，打包版本同样支持。应用菜单在隐藏和退出命令之前的独立分组中显示本地化的 DevTools 开关。Windows 在标题栏的应用弹出菜单中显示开关，通过隐藏的原生应用菜单注册快捷键；macOS 和 Linux 的应用菜单保留隐藏的 F12 快捷键别名。更新遮罩和打包版本的内嵌浏览器禁用 DevTools。
 
 <a id="terminal-command"></a>
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/main.ts b/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
index c85f48c13d..d8d0e30c4c 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/main.ts
@@ -1060,8 +1060,8 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
     { label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.checkUpdatesMenu, click: () => { void openUpdatePrompt(true) } },
     ...process.platform === 'darwin' || process.platform === 'win32'
       ? [{ label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.cliCommandMenu, click: () => { void commandManager.show() } }] : [],
+    { type: 'separator' },
     ...development ? [
-      { type: 'separator' as const },
       { label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.reloadPageMenu, role: 'reload' as const },
       { label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.restartAppHostMenu, click: () => {
         if (quitting) return
@@ -1069,20 +1069,22 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
         quitWithoutConfirmation()
       } },
     ] : [],
+    { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.toggleDevToolsMenu },
     { type: 'separator' },
     ...hideCommands,
     { role: 'quit', ...(darwin ? { label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.quitApplication }
       : process.platform === 'win32' ? { label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.exitApplication } : {}) },
   ]
-  const devToolsItems = (): MenuItemConstructorOptions[] => [
-    { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.toggleDevToolsMenu },
-    { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: currentDesktopLocale().messages.toggleDevToolsMenu, visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
+  const devToolsF12Shortcut: MenuItemConstructorOptions = { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' }
+  const windowsDevToolsShortcuts: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = [
+    { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false },
+    devToolsF12Shortcut,
   ]
   const refreshApplicationMenu = (): void => {
     Menu.setApplicationMenu(Menu.buildFromTemplate(process.platform === 'win32'
-      ? devToolsItems().map(item => ({ ...item, visible: false })) : [{
+      ? windowsDevToolsShortcuts : [{
         label: darwin ? app.name : currentDesktopLocale().messages.application,
-        submenu: [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems()],
+        submenu: [...applicationItems(), devToolsF12Shortcut],
       }, ...platformMenus()]))
     tray?.relabel()
   }
@@ -1129,7 +1131,7 @@ async function main(): Promise<void> {
           shortcuts.sendEditingKey(keyCode, modifiers)
         },
       })
-      const items: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = name === 'application' ? [...applicationItems(), ...devToolsItems()] : [
+      const items: MenuItemConstructorOptions[] = name === 'application' ? applicationItems() : [
         editItem(currentDesktopLocale().messages.undo, 'Z', ['control'], 'Ctrl+Z'),
         editItem(currentDesktopLocale().messages.redo, 'Y', ['control'], 'Ctrl+Y'),
         { type: 'separator' },
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json
index 4e3c981919..93dda0d979 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json
@@ -1,10 +1,27 @@
 [
+  {
+    "label": "About DeepSeek Harness",
+    "role": "about"
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "separator"
+  },
   {
     "label": "Check for Updates…"
   },
   {
     "label": "Manage dsh Command…"
   },
+  {
+    "type": "separator"
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "toggleDevTools",
+    "label": "Toggle developer tools"
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "separator"
+  },
   {
     "role": "hide",
     "label": "Hide DeepSeek Harness"
@@ -17,6 +34,9 @@
     "role": "unhide",
     "label": "Show All"
   },
+  {
+    "type": "separator"
+  },
   {
     "role": "quit",
     "label": "Quit DeepSeek Harness"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json
index f39b2d88ae..f1699e23ee 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json
@@ -1,10 +1,27 @@
 [
+  {
+    "label": "关于 DeepSeek Harness",
+    "role": "about"
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "separator"
+  },
   {
     "label": "检查更新…"
   },
   {
     "label": "管理 dsh 命令…"
   },
+  {
+    "type": "separator"
+  },
+  {
+    "role": "toggleDevTools",
+    "label": "切换开发者工具"
+  },
+  {
+    "type": "separator"
+  },
   {
     "role": "hide",
     "label": "隐藏 DeepSeek Harness"
@@ -17,6 +34,9 @@
     "role": "unhide",
     "label": "显示全部"
   },
+  {
+    "type": "separator"
+  },
   {
     "role": "quit",
     "label": "退出 DeepSeek Harness"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 520e6f6c7f..0000000000
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-en.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-[
-  {
-    "role": "toggleDevTools",
-    "label": "Toggle developer tools"
-  },
-  {
-    "role": "toggleDevTools",
-    "label": "Toggle developer tools",
-    "visible": false,
-    "accelerator": "F12"
-  }
-]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json
deleted file mode 100644
index 189c1a1652..0000000000
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/devtools-menu-zh-CN.json
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-[
-  {
-    "role": "toggleDevTools",
-    "label": "切换开发者工具"
-  },
-  {
-    "role": "toggleDevTools",
-    "label": "切换开发者工具",
-    "visible": false,
-    "accelerator": "F12"
-  }
-]
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts b/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
index 31d2632378..3b1e63e00c 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/main-startup.spec.ts
@@ -550,14 +550,40 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
     expect((await handler(new Request('dsh-app://unknown/update-dialog.html'))).status).toBe(404)
   })
 
-  it.each([
+  it.each(([
     ['darwin', 'en'], ['darwin', 'zh-CN'], ['win32', 'en'], ['win32', 'zh-CN'], ['linux', 'en'], ['linux', 'zh-CN'],
-  ] as const)('localizes one DevTools command and retains native shortcuts on %s (%s)', async (platform, locale) => {
+  ] as const).flatMap(([platform, locale]) => [
+    [platform, locale, true] as const, [platform, locale, false] as const,
+  ]))('groups localized DevTools before quit on %s (%s, packaged=%s)', async (platform, locale, packaged) => {
     vi.stubGlobal('process', { ...process, platform })
+    harness.app.isPackaged = packaged
     vi.spyOn(harness.app, 'getPreferredSystemLanguages').mockReturnValue([locale])
     await readyForUpdate()
-    await expect(JSON.stringify(applicationMenuItems().slice(-2), null, 2) + '\n')
-      .toMatchFileSnapshot(`./expected/devtools-menu-${locale}.json`)
+    const messages = locale === 'en' ? en : zh
+    const menu = applicationMenuItems()
+    const visible = menu.filter(item => item.visible !== false)
+    expect(visible.map(item => item.role === 'quit' ? 'quit' : item.label ?? item.type)).toEqual([
+      messages.aboutMenu, 'separator', messages.checkUpdatesMenu,
+      ...platform === 'linux' ? [] : [messages.cliCommandMenu],
+      'separator', ...packaged ? [] : [messages.reloadPageMenu, messages.restartAppHostMenu],
+      messages.toggleDevToolsMenu, 'separator',
+      ...platform === 'darwin' ? [messages.hideApplication, messages.hideOtherApplications, messages.showAllApplications, 'separator'] : [],
+      'quit',
+    ])
+    expect(visible.filter(item => item.role === 'toggleDevTools')).toEqual([
+      { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: messages.toggleDevToolsMenu },
+    ])
+    if (platform === 'win32') {
+      expect(harness.menu.mock.calls[0]![0]).toEqual([
+        { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false },
+        { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
+      ])
+      expect(menu.every(item => item.visible !== false)).toBe(true)
+    } else {
+      expect(menu.filter(item => item.visible === false)).toEqual([
+        { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
+      ])
+    }
     const sender = harness.windows[0]!.webContents
     const nextLocale = locale === 'en' ? 'zh' : 'en'
     harness.ipcOn.mock.calls.find(([channel]) => channel === DESKTOP_IPC.localeChanged)![1](
@@ -565,9 +591,9 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
     )
     const refreshed = platform === 'win32' ? applicationMenuItems()
       : harness.menu.mock.lastCall![0][0]!.submenu as MenuItemConstructorOptions[]
-    expect(refreshed.filter(item => item.role === 'toggleDevTools').map(item => item.label))
-      .toEqual([nextLocale === 'en' ? en.toggleDevToolsMenu : zh.toggleDevToolsMenu,
-        nextLocale === 'en' ? en.toggleDevToolsMenu : zh.toggleDevToolsMenu])
+    expect(refreshed.filter(item => item.role === 'toggleDevTools' && item.visible !== false)).toEqual([
+      { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: nextLocale === 'en' ? en.toggleDevToolsMenu : zh.toggleDevToolsMenu },
+    ])
     expect(harness.windows[0]!.options).toMatchObject({ webPreferences: { devTools: true } })
   })
 
@@ -876,8 +902,8 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
       expect(window.options).toMatchObject({ titleBarStyle: 'hidden', titleBarOverlay: { height: WINDOWS_TITLEBAR_HEIGHT } })
       expect(window.options).not.toHaveProperty('vibrancy')
       expect(harness.menu.mock.calls[0]![0]).toEqual([
-        { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: en.toggleDevToolsMenu, visible: false },
-        { role: 'toggleDevTools', label: en.toggleDevToolsMenu, visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
+        { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false },
+        { role: 'toggleDevTools', visible: false, accelerator: 'F12' },
       ])
     } else {
       expect(window.options).not.toHaveProperty('titleBarStyle')
@@ -1041,8 +1067,8 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
     expect(() => handler(event, 'arbitrary-command', 48, 34)).toThrow('invalid popup request')
     expect(() => handler(event, 'application', NaN, 34)).toThrow('invalid popup request')
     const application = handler(event, 'application', 48, 34)
-    expect(harness.menu.buildFromTemplate.mock.lastCall![0].map(item => item.label ?? item.type ?? item.role)).toEqual([
-      '关于 DeepSeek Harness', 'separator', '检查更新…', '管理 dsh 命令…', 'separator', '退出', zh.toggleDevToolsMenu, zh.toggleDevToolsMenu,
+    expect(harness.menu.buildFromTemplate.mock.lastCall![0].map(item => item.label ?? item.type)).toEqual([
+      '关于 DeepSeek Harness', 'separator', '检查更新…', '管理 dsh 命令…', 'separator', zh.toggleDevToolsMenu, 'separator', '退出',
     ])
     expect(harness.popup.mock.lastCall![0]).toMatchObject({ window, x: 48, y: 34 })
     expect(harness.popup.mock.lastCall![0].callback).toBeTypeOf('function')
@@ -1079,8 +1105,8 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
       : ['Application', 'editMenu'])
     const application = template[0]!.submenu as MenuItemConstructorOptions[]
     expect(application.filter(item => item.visible !== false).map(describeItem)).toEqual(platform === 'darwin'
-      ? ['about', 'separator', en.checkUpdatesMenu, en.cliCommandMenu, 'separator', 'hide', 'hideOthers', 'unhide', 'separator', 'quit', 'toggleDevTools']
-      : ['about', 'separator', en.checkUpdatesMenu, 'separator', 'quit', 'toggleDevTools'])
+      ? ['about', 'separator', en.checkUpdatesMenu, en.cliCommandMenu, 'separator', 'toggleDevTools', 'separator', 'hide', 'hideOthers', 'unhide', 'separator', 'quit']
+      : ['about', 'separator', en.checkUpdatesMenu, 'separator', 'toggleDevTools', 'separator', 'quit'])
     expect(harness.menu.setApplicationMenu).toHaveBeenCalledOnce()
   })
 
@@ -1093,10 +1119,7 @@ describe('desktop main startup', () => {
     try {
       await import('../src/main.ts')
       await harness.preparing.promise
-      const commands = applicationMenuItems().filter(item =>
-        item.role === 'hide' || item.role === 'hideOthers' || item.role === 'unhide' || item.role === 'quit'
-        || item.label === en.checkUpdatesMenu || item.label === zh.checkUpdatesMenu
-        || item.label === en.cliCommandMenu || item.label === zh.cliCommandMenu)
+      const commands = applicationMenuItems().filter(item => item.visible !== false)
       await expect(JSON.stringify(commands, null, 2) + '\n')
         .toMatchFileSnapshot(`./expected/application-menu-${locale}.json`)
       expect(harness.app.name).toBe('@deepseek-ai/dsh-desktop')

From bc705e0ff18a2b3fac900ee37b07808916825486 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: 07akioni <07akioni2@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 29 Oct 2026 14:31:22 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] fix(desktop): use developer tools as the localized menu
 name

---
 apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml                    |  4 ++--
 apps/desktop/README.md                           |  2 +-
 apps/desktop/README.zh.md                        |  2 +-
 apps/desktop/src/locale.ts                       | 16 ++++++++--------
 .../tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json   |  2 +-
 .../tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json   |  2 +-
 6 files changed, 14 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)

diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml b/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
index ebba241bcf..3dfceaccd1 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.i18n.yaml
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@
   en: 127ea90553cb6af7
   zh: 7b1c5aec8558c684
 /deepseek-harness-desktop/application-overview:
-  en: 0538b12e3cfd357e
-  zh: 48d35ed422cfdb5c
+  en: 1667e3d6ffddea4a
+  zh: 4661a42b9ef4f673
 /deepseek-harness-desktop/terminal-command:
   en: 5f2d25a1d8472647
   zh: 2acb5c5d7d1917e2
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.md b/apps/desktop/README.md
index de5b09d192..fe24b24568 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ A server-expired account credential returns to Welcome when no official API key
 
 Desktop microphone access is restricted to audio requests from the primary `dsh-app://app` frame. macOS uses system microphone authorization, a packaged usage description, and `com.apple.security.device.audio-input` in the main application and Helper signatures.
 
-Press F12 (Fn+F12 on media-key keyboards), Command+Option+I on macOS, or Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows to toggle DevTools for the focused application page, including in packaged builds. The application menu shows a localized DevTools toggle in a separate group before Hide and Quit (before Exit on Windows). Windows exposes it in the titlebar application popup; its hidden native application menu registers the shortcuts. macOS and Linux keep a hidden F12 shortcut alias in their application menus. Update overlays and packaged embedded browser guests disable DevTools.
+Press F12 (Fn+F12 on media-key keyboards), Command+Option+I on macOS, or Ctrl+Shift+I on Windows to toggle DevTools for the focused application page, including in packaged builds. The application menu shows a localized “Developer tools” command in a separate group before Hide and Quit (before Exit on Windows). Windows exposes it in the titlebar application popup; its hidden native application menu registers the shortcuts. macOS and Linux keep a hidden F12 shortcut alias in their application menus. Update overlays and packaged embedded browser guests disable DevTools.
 
 <a id="terminal-command"></a>
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/README.zh.md b/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
index 551c43aa6c..933e329ce1 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
+++ b/apps/desktop/README.zh.md
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ Desktop Host 的 Platform API 请求与更新策略请求用相同的 Platform 
 
 桌面麦克风访问仅允许主 `dsh-app://app` 页面发起的音频请求。macOS 使用系统麦克风授权、随包用途说明，以及主应用与 Helper 签名中的 `com.apple.security.device.audio-input` 权限。
 
-按 F12（多媒体功能键键盘上为 Fn+F12）、macOS 的 Command+Option+I 或 Windows 的 Ctrl+Shift+I，可切换当前获得焦点的应用页面的 DevTools，打包版本同样支持。应用菜单在隐藏和退出命令之前的独立分组中显示本地化的 DevTools 开关。Windows 在标题栏的应用弹出菜单中显示开关，通过隐藏的原生应用菜单注册快捷键；macOS 和 Linux 的应用菜单保留隐藏的 F12 快捷键别名。更新遮罩和打包版本的内嵌浏览器禁用 DevTools。
+按 F12（多媒体功能键键盘上为 Fn+F12）、macOS 的 Command+Option+I 或 Windows 的 Ctrl+Shift+I，可切换当前获得焦点的应用页面的 DevTools，打包版本同样支持。应用菜单在隐藏和退出命令之前的独立分组中显示本地化的“开发者工具”命令。Windows 在标题栏的应用弹出菜单中显示开关，通过隐藏的原生应用菜单注册快捷键；macOS 和 Linux 的应用菜单保留隐藏的 F12 快捷键别名。更新遮罩和打包版本的内嵌浏览器禁用 DevTools。
 
 <a id="terminal-command"></a>
 
diff --git a/apps/desktop/src/locale.ts b/apps/desktop/src/locale.ts
index 09f4002894..f5d30b82ba 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/src/locale.ts
+++ b/apps/desktop/src/locale.ts
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ export const en = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'Could not open the workspace. Please try again.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Check for Updates…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Reload Page',
-  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Toggle developer tools',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Developer tools',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Restart App and Host',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Update Check Failed',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Could not check for updates. Please try again later.',
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ export const zh = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: '无法打开工作区，请重试。',
   checkUpdatesMenu: '检查更新…',
   reloadPageMenu: '刷新页面',
-  toggleDevToolsMenu: '切换开发者工具',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: '开发者工具',
   restartAppHostMenu: '重启应用与 Host',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: '更新检查失败',
   updateCheckFailed: '检查更新失败，请稍后重试。',
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ export const ja = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'ワークスペースを開けませんでした。もう一度お試しください。',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'アップデートを確認…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'ページを再読み込み',
-  toggleDevToolsMenu: '開発者ツールを切り替え',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: '開発者ツール',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'アプリとホストを再起動',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'アップデートの確認に失敗しました',
   updateCheckFailed: 'アップデートを確認できませんでした。後でもう一度お試しください。',
@@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ export const es = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'No se pudo abrir el espacio de trabajo. Por favor inténtalo de nuevo.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Buscar actualizaciones...',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Recargar página',
-  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Alternar herramientas de desarrollo',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Herramientas de desarrollo',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Reiniciar la aplicación y el host',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Error en la comprobación de actualización',
   updateCheckFailed: 'No se pudo buscar actualizaciones. Inténtelo de nuevo más tarde.',
@@ -818,7 +818,7 @@ export const fr = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: "Impossible d'ouvrir l'espace de travail. Veuillez réessayer.",
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Vérifiez les mises à jour…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Recharger la page',
-  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Afficher/masquer les outils de développement',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Outils de développement',
   restartAppHostMenu: "Redémarrez l'application et l'hôte",
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Échec de la vérification de la mise à jour',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Impossible de vérifier les mises à jour. Veuillez réessayer plus tard.',
@@ -996,7 +996,7 @@ export const de = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'Der Arbeitsbereich konnte nicht geöffnet werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Nach Updates suchen…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Seite neu laden',
-  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Entwicklertools ein-/ausblenden',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Entwicklertools',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Anwendung und Host neu starten',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Update-Überprüfung fehlgeschlagen',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Es konnte nicht nach Updates gesucht werden. Bitte versuchen Sie es später noch einmal.',
@@ -1174,7 +1174,7 @@ export const ru = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'Не удалось открыть рабочую область. Пожалуйста, попробуйте еще раз.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Проверить наличие обновлений…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Обновить страницу',
-  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Показать/скрыть инструменты разработчика',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Инструменты разработчика',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Перезапустите приложение и хост.',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Проверка обновления не удалась',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Не удалось проверить наличие обновлений. Пожалуйста, повторите попытку позже.',
@@ -1352,7 +1352,7 @@ export const pt = {
   welcomeContinueFailed: 'Não foi possível abrir o espaço de trabalho. Por favor, tente novamente.',
   checkUpdatesMenu: 'Verifique se há atualizações…',
   reloadPageMenu: 'Recarregar página',
-  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Alternar ferramentas de desenvolvedor',
+  toggleDevToolsMenu: 'Ferramentas do desenvolvedor',
   restartAppHostMenu: 'Reinicie o aplicativo e o host',
   updateCheckFailedTitle: 'Falha na verificação de atualização',
   updateCheckFailed: 'Não foi possível verificar se há atualizações. Por favor, tente novamente mais tarde.',
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json
index 93dda0d979..71b281c6b2 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-en-US.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   },
   {
     "role": "toggleDevTools",
-    "label": "Toggle developer tools"
+    "label": "Developer tools"
   },
   {
     "type": "separator"
diff --git a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json
index f1699e23ee..472aa48a8e 100644
--- a/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json
+++ b/apps/desktop/tests/expected/application-menu-zh-CN.json
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
   },
   {
     "role": "toggleDevTools",
-    "label": "切换开发者工具"
+    "label": "开发者工具"
   },
   {
     "type": "separator"